Juvenile Justice System - 856 Words

Criminals can be all different ages; one particular category of criminals is the juveniles. A juvenile is someone who is at or below the upper age of the original jurisdiction in their resident state (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Juveniles due to age are not treated at the same level as adults; due to this we have Juvenile Justice. Juvenile justice was said to be considered all the way back to the early years from the English brought over to American culture from England (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Since then in America we have had 5 major periods in the Juvenile Justice system. The first major period was the Puritan Period which was observed from 1646-1824. This was started by the English settlers when they came to the new land. They brought over many of their laws from England (Juvenile Justice, 2013). During this time fathers had all control over families and they had very harsh punishments for juveniles. The laws were so tough they even had the death penalty for children who disobe yed their parents (Juvenile Justice, 2013). In 1646 Massachusetts passed the Stubborn Child Law, creating the first status offense, an act considered only illegal for minors. This law stayed in place for more then 300 years (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Age has always been a factor in law, even in the early years. Any child 7 or younger can not be charged with a felony, they are not completely able to determine right from wrong until over the age of 14 but just can not be charged with a felonyShow MoreRelatedJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences betwee n the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles1663 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many landmark cases that have made a significant impact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has made what the juvenile justice system is todayRead MoreJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the juvenile even aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other choiceRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageswere treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivistRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System788 Words   |  3 Pages The juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interests of the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Over the course of our semester we have come across various research studies that proves that the adult system is not well equipped to house and rehabilitate the delinquents. These studies have shown that more juveniles that are transferred to the criminal justice system ends up back in the system, which means the recidivism rateRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages I would request that Senator Perkins vote against the proposed amendments to the Juvenile Act. Part A Although public safety is both a legitimate and justifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courtsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System795 Words   |  4 Pagessentencing demonstrates initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national outcome studies. The goal of these diversion programs is to keep adolescents out of the juvenile justice system whenever possible (Lipsey, Howell, Kelly, Chapman, Carver, 2010). These diversion programs divert adolescents from entering the juvenile justice system and offer alternatives to formal disciplinary action (Chantoe Manton, 2014). Teen courts (also called Youth Courts) are a growing type of diversion program that

Benjamin Franklin And Olaudah Equiano - 1127 Words

Benjamin Franklin and Olaudah Equiano lived during the same time period. Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the Untied States, and his commitment to making his country better was remarkable. Benjamin Franklin wrote his autobiography from 1771- 1791. Franklin passed away before he was able to see his autobiography published in 1791. Olaudah Equiano was a young boy when he was kidnapped and sold into slavery. He was forced to work on naval vessels and on plantations in Virginia. Equiano published his interesting narrative in 1789. Franklin writes about his life as a key figure of American civilization. Equiano writes about his life as a slave and abolitionist against slavery. The autobiographies of Ben Franklin and Olaudah†¦show more content†¦The authors also have different exigences for writing their autobiographies. Benjamin Franklin wrote his autobiography to help citizens of America, and inform them on his life accomplishments. Franklin wanted to help citizens pr osper in their lives just like he did. Franklin gives tips and lays out ways to be a better person throughout his autobiography. The main example of his exigence is the virtues he explains. A few of the virtues Franklin explains are, â€Å" Order- Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. Industry- Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. Tranquility- Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.† Franklin includes these virtues in his autobiography to provide the reader with ways to become a more successful person in life. Franklin wanted to give readers of his autobiography an outline of how to become successful in life through a few quick and easy steps. Olaudah Equiano’s main exigence or purpose for writing his autobiography is to provide the reader with knowledge of slavery. Equiano wanted everyone to know how cruel slavery was, and how unfair and poorly slaves were treated. He did this through telling his story as a slave during late 1700s. Equiano supports his purpose withShow MoreRelatedOlaudah Equiano And Benjamin Franklin1073 Words   |  5 PagesTanis Baumann 10/31/17 2nd Olaudah Equianos and Benjamin Franklin compare and contrast Olaudah and Benjamin where both different and similar in may ways and their own modes of writing and writing styles exhibit their own attitudes to the cause they cared about. Olaudah Equiano, was a former enslaved African and he wrote autobiography showing the horrors of lobbied and slavery and advocated for its abolition.   Benjamin Franklin was a printer whose success as an author led himRead MoreEssay about Influences of the Revolutionary Era1587 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States has been molded by the actions of numerous individuals of the past. Three highly influential individuals of seventeenth century America were Abigail Adams, the second first lady of United States; Benjamin Franklin, an innovator and political powerhouse; and Olaudah Equiano, a slave that acquired his freedom and went on to write an autobiography of his journey. Abigail Adams â€Å"Abigail Adams became one of the revolutionary era’s most articulate and influential women† (Foner, 2012, pgRead MoreReflection On Reading Doctrine Three1215 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1: When reading doctrine three, I came to the conclusion that it talks about having the ability to look â€Å"outside of the box† and at times to listen to someone else’s reasoning. From reading Benjamin Franklin, I felt that he talks about this in the beginning when addressing the President about the Constitution and his approval. â€Å"I am not sure I shall never approve it; for, having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, toRead MoreContrasts in Royall Tylers Play The Contrast718 Words   |  3 PagesThis simplicity of diet was actually advocated by Benjamin Franklin, and is compared with the complex food of the snobs in Europe. The plays moral judgment of the pair of cultures, of course, is fairly transparent and decidedly American, especially since within the play those who would sneer at Americas honest simplicity are condemned are condemned for their unnatural culinary corruptions of natures bounty (Madsen 1994, 47). Olaudah Equiano is the principle character and author of a biographicalRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1121 Words   |  5 Pagesculture understood or respected the other. Both were vying for the same land, and both were fighting for survival. This lack of understanding and commonality between the two cultures is a situation which is recurring in captivity narratives. Olaudah Equiano like many other slaves was put in a ship ready for a journey overseas but they were not ready for the voyage or the ordeal that befell slaves on such treacherous voyages. Before he had only heard narratives about the cruelty meted on hapless slavesRead MoreEarly American Literature Influenced by Religious Ideologies and Philosophies1769 Words   |  8 Pagessimplicity above all else. They also believed that every human being is born sinful and that God’s grace was given freely to everyone. Olaudah Equiano was a puritan writer and in The Interesting Narrative of The Life of Olaudah Equiano portrays his love for God with, â€Å"Behold God is my salvation; I will trust and not be afraid†¦ Praise the Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Equiano 1). Equiano writes in thoughts and this narrative of his life is written in a subjective manner while highlighting the main events. When he tellsRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pages1730s-1740s) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Olaudah Equiano (1745?-1797) Philip Freneau (1752-1832) Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Hannah Webster Foster (1758-1840) Enlightenment and establishment of the nation Benjamin Franklin a second-generation immigrant of English descendent Writer, printer, publisher, scientist, statesman, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time. Benjamin Franklin recorded hisRead MoreThe Tribe Not Only Kidnapped Mary Rowlandson1263 Words   |  6 PagesSeries†, â€Å"America: A Concise History and American History Concise Documents†, â€Å"Lauter Heath Anthology of American Literature Volume A and B Fifth edition Plus New Riverside Captivity narratives†, â€Å"Sovereignty and the Goodness of God and Benjamin and William Franklin and Narrative: Life of Fredrick Douglass 2e†, â€Å"Sovereignty and the Goodness of God and Attitudes Towards Sex in Antebellum America and Black Americans in the Revolutionary Era and Great Awakening and Democracy in America and Lincoln, SlaveryRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 Pagesfounded in 1704, and joined by the Boston Gazette in 1719. At a time when newspaper journalism was concerned primarily with reporting political events, the New-England Courant, started by James Franklin in 1721, became the first newspaper to include literary en tertainment. Franklins younger brother Benjamin Franklin published humorous social commentary in the Courant under the pen name of Silence Dogwood . Magazines also appeared for the first time in the colonies during the mid-1700s. Before 1800 magazinesRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 PagesBibliographic Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay â€Å"On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History† the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared â€Å"Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.†1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in

It Needs To Reflect Objectives of an Organization for Security

Question: What Needs To Reflect Objectives of an Organization for Security? Answer: Introduction For potential growth of an organization, it is crucial to develop policies that would be helpful to minimize the risks in the organization. Policy is predetermined course of action that can be developed to provide an appropriate guidance towards accepting the business strategies as well as objectives. Present study deals with the developing information security policies as well as controls, which can address the potential threats and vulnerabilities. In addition, the study has objectives to develop awareness of ethical as well as social considerations for strategic solutions to Myer. Information security policies It is important to develop effective information system security policy in an organization like Myer. Hence, it is required to develop proper plan that would allow guiding operations without continuous intervention of management (Lowry et al. 2016). Hence, in order to comprehend the importance of policies and process and differences between them in Myer. On the other hand, the policy identifies the key activities as well as provides a general strategy to the decision makers on the process of handling the issues (Bell et al. 2015). It is accomplished through giving the users with limitations as well as a choice of alternatives, which can be utilized for guiding the process of decision-making as attempting for overcoming the issues in Myer. As cloud, as well as mobile computing, are publishing the IT landscape away from the organization, emerging internet of things is usually expending the area of a surface of defensive riddle with the holes. On the other hand, Myer embraces various technologies like Internet of things, big data, cloud as well as mobility. However, in a digital era, the concentration requires shifting from perimeters of the network in order to provide safeguarding data spreading across the systems, cloud as well as devices. Technologies like big data analytics and Internet of Things are important to be considered in the organization. Block chain along with mobile computing are reinventing the way that can be handled by the organizations from decision making to the customer service. Automation of the procedure, as well as increasing digital connectedness of entire agility of value chain, raise risks in cyber security as well as threat levels. Hence, running IT systems of Myer is supported by cloud needs the flexibility of the organization. The volume of end points and are vulnerable than ever. Hence, it is important to provide security in IT system at Myer. It is important to explain that the process has affected the design of Myer as well as work systems. Articulation of relation between the business models as strategy is required to analyze Myer. Understanding the business model, which is existed in the network economy, is one of the major parts for evaluating strengths and weakness in the organization (Matt et al. 2017). Development of information security policies is needed in Myer. Wilensky (2015) stated that information system has been considered as one of the essential evils where specialist knowledge is considered a cost. However, at present days, the information system is regarded as one of the important elements that transcend all functions of business. Intelligent discussion regarding information is generally expected from every layer of management. In order to create value from the information system, managers of an organization need to comprehend the process of working in Myer and recognize how the information system can be integrated across the functions. Fast technological changes need to be recognized in order to analyze the opportunities. However, there is a balanced view of the business in order to able for anticipating the changes. Figure 1: The Hierarchy of Data (Source: Peltier 2016 p.554) In an organization, information system managers do not require technical skill because of communication, planning and supporting people are the areas to be focused on this purpose. On the other hand, information technology is involved with capturing as well as manipulating data that includes hardware, software, peripherals as well as communication media (Yang et al. 2013). The information system can be defined as a united set of business systems that has aimed to have certain results. IT comprises IT, people and business process along with context. In addition, it is required to implement IT facilitated collaboration through social media, virtual worlds, wikis, groupware, and weblogs. There are also different services for making money online. Saaty and Kearns (2014) asserted that pay for service in an organization gives a service to Myer. Therefore, it is important to consider that that subscription for Myer offers content based service, which is based on the subscriber access to user pay. On contrary, advertisement supports the content of an organization like Myer through attracting with the broad audience as well as advertising space that can be sold on the pages. Affiliation of the modes is useful to the site of the seller and earns commission whether reference leads to a certain scale. Gathering, storing as well as manipulating and communicating data have revolutionized the utilization as well as the spread of the information. Hence, creating ethical dilemmas and speed as well as the efficiency of the electronic information system include local and global networks. The databases as well as programs process the information and creating ethical dilemmas in Myer. In addition, speed, as well as efficiency of electronic information system, includes local as well as global networks and databases along with programs. Hence, it is required to consider local as well as global networks with the databases and programs confront the rights as well as responsibilities in using the information and consider the standards of conducting shaped before adverting of the computers. As information is one of the sources of power as well as increasingly the key to prosperity with accessing to the process. Developments in the information system involve social as well as political relationships in order to make ethical considerations in the process utilized in an important way. The electronic systems have the levels of the Government needs to involve with the workplace as well as private lives to a great extent. Hence, it is important to have ethical as well as legal decisions that are essential to make balance the requirements as well as rights of the persons. Challenges In order to implement information system and policies in an organization like Myer, various challenges are faced. In human-centered management, technology will cope and people will struggle (Galegher et al. 2014). In addition, there are subtle differences in the meaning as information system permeates all the functions. On the other hand, there are also some pitfalls in the application of IT in Myer. The business development managers understand the process of business works in the better way compared to technical people. In addition, failure in tapping the resources defines as the system that does not reflect the actual requirements of the business. For an example, the difference in the comprehending of basic terms like date of sales defines that dependence of position in Myer. The requirements and investment in the investment divide the investment into several categories such as infrastructure, communications, machines, and networks (Holsapple 2013). In addition, there are the transactional procedure for repetitive tasks and replacing the manual processing with the automation system. In addition, as per informational needs, it is required to provide information on management in order to manage the business. The IT investment pyramid is used in order to compare the alternate mixes of information technology in distinctive businesses. In addition, developing of evaluation method needs more knowledge of the business compared to computing (Riley et al. 2016). For an example, cabinet manufacture has strong development strategy and has values as well as flexibility for responsive to the market changes. Analysis of IS for compliance with ethical and legal frameworks An organization needs to follow learning curve in order to apply some changes in the organization. Initiation of the technologies is generally introduced into the particular organization in order to perform simple functions of administration like payroll automation and general ledger function (Peters et al. 2013). The functions can be categorized through reducing involvement of the user and low expenditure for data proceeding as well as functional applications, which are helpful to minimize costs. On the other hand, contagion deals with enthusiastic utilization of technology that commits resources compared to lack of control and development of budget rapidly. Controlling the managers realize that there is a great control over the process is required and documentation of the system is upgraded with reviewing the budgets as well as full control over the resources of information technology. Integration of the incompatible systems as well as frustration of users is involved in it. Integr ation of the management succeeds through making interaction in technology into the business process of the organization. However, data administration is concerned with sharing of data resources as well as manages the data (Bloom et al. 2014). The management of an organization needs to focus on the shift from it to information systems. The concept of responding the standard as well as a template for the corporate governance, it is important to consider all the policies and procedures that are associated with the organization. In addition, the corporate governance has a specialized mechanism in order to regulate risks that can address the activities averting the corporate disasters and scandals along with consequential damages to the investors, employees, staffs as well as society. The corporate governance is sophisticated as well as a flexible concept that can address the basic purposes of the organizations. Hence, it is important to have proper understanding and questioning as well as refining the basic economic systems as well as philosophies. On the other hand, vision statement of an organization explains the ideas of a business manager for the final position of the organization and when it will achieve its target. For an example, vision Statement of Dell (Xu et al. 2014). Hence, it is required to interact with the community and interpret as well as understand demands of the customers as well as global technology. Hence, Dell requires providing full customer satisfaction to become the most successful computer organization. In this purpose, adoption of newest technology as well as loyal customers will be helpful to achieve the target. Bretschneider and Parker (2016) argued that strategy of an organization refers to the design, setup as well as capabilities of Myer in order to act out the strategic plan for achieving the target of the organization. In this perspective, a simple framework in order to understand the design of an organization would be helpful, which is a business diamond. Business diamond addresses the plan of Myer as its processes of business and its values as well as beliefs. The management control systems, as well as task along with structures, have a vital role in this issue (Bigdeli et al. 2014). Example: JetBlue. It reviews the details of the previous days flights. In addition, it inspects each of the operations in order to enhance its efficiency. Evaluation of strengths and limitation Applying information security policy in Myer enhances the opportunities of business as well as performance. It helps to keep abreast of the competitive forces and minimize costs for operating. In order to gain timely as well as accurate information, the system would be useful for gaining competitive advantages in Myer. Thus, the creation of new distribution channels and improvement in relation with the suppliers would be helpful for the organization. In the perspectives of e-business, being first to the market and opening the opportunities for direct marketing are required for the development of business. A new channel of distribution, connection with the customers and driving nature of change in technology would be useful for the business. However, the effect of deploying information system in an organization can be useful in order to achieve the organizational target for paying IS vital in the parts of data collection, assessment, and communication. In data collection, information systems are generally used for collecting data like a number of key strokes and prcising the time spent on particular tasks. There are usually such amount of data are collected in order to monitor works of the employees. In the part of evaluation, data is evaluated against historical data. The manager of the organization can analyze the gathered data in order to compare the productivity of staffs. The collected information is analyzed and used for providing feedback to the staffs. Adoption of business models and framework would be helpful for the organization in increasing its productivity and achieve the goal. There are four types of business models such as Business-to-consumer (B2C), Business-to-business (B2B), Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) and Consumer-to-business (C2B). In Business-to-consumer (B2C) model, communication between business and consumers is focused. Examples: Amazon.com and RosesOnly.com.au. On contrary, Business-to-business (B2B) deals with two businesses and they are the main players involved. The transactions have a tendency to be less frequent as well as higher-value. Example: Chemconnect web. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C involves two consumers who interact directly (Yinan et al. 2014). In addition, communication between those stakeholders is focused. Example: eBay.com. On the other hand, social networking is also included in the category. Example: E-bay, the giant web auction site. It enables people for selling their products to others and the process is achieved by auctioning off their merchandise off to the highest paid bidder. However, there is also a fixed price in the products. Consumer-to-business (C2B) occurs during interacting with the customers and businesses is not as buyers but suppliers. For an example, eLance.com allows experts in order to tender expertise for completion of jobs that are offered to businesses. In different ways, business models are categorizing in Bricks and mortar, bricks and clicks and pure plays. Brick and mortar model deal with the traditional business having the physical presence. On the other hand, Bricks and clicks allow online grocery process of ordering. For an example, Colesonline.com.au is a supermarket icon in Australia. However, Pure Plays have a business that offers the existed online process like Google, Facebook, and Skype. Hence, it is required to selectee appropriate business models in Myer so that the business of the organization can implement the information system properly. The design of producers, as well as building products along with services, is required to be done as per the market or consumer demands. For examples, Ford Motor Company, American Express as well as Qantas try to fulfill the demands of the customers. In addition, distributors enable the buyers as well as sellers to connect and communicate along with transacting. The organizations have inventory as well as resell like retailer, wholesalers. They may simply act as the agents like aggregators, exchanges as well as marketplaces (Fattah 2016). On the other hand, examples of distributors are involved in the e-business such as Autoweb. In these businesses, effective network infrastructure is provided. Infrastructure providers and infrastructure portals are included in this category. Business is developed on proper network infrastructure that includes the chain of producers, focused distributors, and suppliers. Infrastructure portals are linked with the buyers to the widest range of networki ng as well as computing along with providers for application hosting. The link buyers, as well as sellers, sell products to the widest possible range of the providers. It can be categorized as horizontal and vertical for application service providers. Horizontal portals consist of ISPs, outsourcing for data-centre, providers of network-service and services of web hosting. The revenue is derived from the access as well as maintenance fees. In addition, subscription services along with transaction fees are included in that. The key costs consist of data as well as network operations. The software development as well as maintenance, sales along with administration is involved with the operation. Example: BigPond. In addition, the vertical portal is also known as Application Service Providers' (ASPs). It hosts as well as maintains the applications of software. The focus is generally towards the businesses. Hence, advertising is not an important source of revenue. Example: IBM. In this perspective, a strategy is a set of actions in order to fulfill the objectives as well as for purposes and targets of the organization (Peltier 2013). The mission of the organization needs to be clear as well as compelling with the statement, which unifies the particular organization as well as explains about the organization. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that it is important to analyze strengths of an organization and its strategies that can be achieved with making following issues. The important structures as well as reporting of the relationships of the organization, holding the decisions right for making critical decisions, the characteristic as well as experiences and levels skills of the employees and the key process of business. Hence, information system policies have an important for the success of an organization. References Bell, S., Holgersson, S., Melin, U., Pollack, J. and Pollack, R., 2015. This study investigated whether teaching HIV/AIDS Health Educators about Viktor Frankls theory of finding meaning in life, results in a significant improvement in their psychological well-being. The participants were 24 volunteers from the Information, Education and Communication (IEC) cluster of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in South Africa (age range= 2039 years, females= 67%, majority...Systemic Practice and Action Research,28(1), pp.37-49. Bigdeli, M., Peters, D.H., Wagner, A.K. and World Health Organization, 2014. Medicines in health systems: advancing access, affordability and appropriate use. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), pp.2859-2885. Bretschneider, S. and Parker, M., 2016. Organization formalization, sector and social media: Does increased standardization of policy broaden and deepen social media use in organizations?.Government Information Quarterly,33(4), pp.614-628. Fattah, E.A. ed., 2016.From crime policy to victim policy: Reorienting the justice system. Springer. Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E. and Egido, C., 2014.Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Holsapple, C. ed., 2013.Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Lowry, P.B., DArcy, J., Hammer, B. and Moody, G.D., 2016. Cargo Cult science in traditional organization and information systems survey research: A case for using nontraditional methods of data collection, including Mechanical Turk and online panels.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,25(3), pp.232-240. Matt, M., Gaunand, A., Joly, P.B. and Colinet, L., 2017. Opening the black box of impactIdeal-type impact pathways in a public agricultural research organization.Research Policy,46(1), pp.207-218. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Peltier, T.R., 2013.Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Peters, D.H., Adam, T., Alonge, O., Agyepong, I.A. and Tran, N., 2013. Implementation research: what it is and how to do it.Bmj,347, p.f6753. Riley, L., Guthold, R., Cowan, M., Savin, S., Bhatti, L., Armstrong, T. and Bonita, R., 2016. The World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk-factor surveillance: methods, challenges, and opportunities.American journal of public health,106(1), pp.74-78. Saaty, T.L. and Kearns, K.P., 2014.Analytical planning: The organization of system(Vol. 7). Elsevier. Wilensky, H.L., 2015.Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry(Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books. Xu, B., Da Xu, L., Cai, H., Xie, C., Hu, J. and Bu, F., 2014. Ubiquitous data accessing method in IoT-based information system for emergency medical services.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,10(2), pp.1578-1586. Yang, Y.P.O., Shieh, H.M. and Tzeng, G.H., 2013. A VIKOR technique based on DEMATEL and ANP for information security risk control assessment.Information Sciences,232, pp.482-500. Yinan, Q., Tang, M. and Zhang, M., 2014. 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Villa Lobos Essays - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Chros No. 11, Prelude No. 1

Villa Lobos Heitor Villa-Lobos Heitor Villa-Lobos was born on March 5th, 1887, in Rio de Janeiro. Villa-Lobos lacked much formal education, and found he had to make a living for himself. He proceeded to perform on guitar in local restaurants and theatre orchestras. The music he performed consisted of the popular music of the time in Brazil. This factor would play a major role in his compositions. His first published work was in 1908, titled Salon Waltz. This was followed a year later by Canticos Sertenejos. Both compositions were based on Brazilian folk songs and popular music. In 1912, Villa Lobos went on an expedition of East Brazil. There he not only studied Indian music, but he also learned their culture, including their rites, myths, and dances. From this expedition he roamed all of Brazil absorbing all different ideas, and cultures. His style of composition is a compilation of his experiences and Brazilian native sounds of these roaming years. In 1919 the famous concert pianist Artur Rubinstein became interested in Villa-Lobos's work. Rubinstein arranged for him to receive a government subsidy. With this Villa-Lobos moved to Paris and lived there for 4 years, thus adding even more to his catalogue of cultures. Although he is well known for his orchestral works, perhaps no other composer has had the impact on classical guitar that Villa-Lobos had. The Brazilian culture thrives on strong rhythmic structures, and sentimental melodies. Villa Lobos transferred these characteristics into some of the most beautiful, and influential solo guitar music ever written. Villa Lobos composed 5 Preludes (Cinque Preludes) for solo guitar. These are some of the most challenging short pieces written for guitar in the 20th century. He also wrote 17 Choros, choros is the term for Brazilian pop music of the time. The instrumentation on these pieces range from solo guitar, to orchestral, to solo piano. Music